Abstract: The idea of “protection and exploitation of village heritage” becomes a hot issue these years in China, along with the rapid economy development in China. The exploitation mode of village appears almost the same destination: profit-seeking of admission fee. Many villagers cooperate with the authorities in the business exploitation consciously or subconsciously. It is very common that many people believe that “protection and exploitation of cultural relics” means “making economic profit of cultural relics”. The author, in this paper, intends to compare the different connotation and results of the concepts of “protection and exploitation of cultural relics” in China and the “conservation and redevelopment of cultural heritages” outside China, as well as the importance of public participation during the process of village conservation. The author also discusses the possibilities of implementation of these concepts in China through her pilot conservation project in Cangdong Village, Kaiping of Guangdong Province.

Key words: tourism development, protection and utilization, conservation and development, public participation 

摘要： 近年来随着经济的发展，乡村建筑遗产的“保护与利用”被提上日程，这些村落的“开发模式”，似乎总逃不脱被圈起来收门票的命运，村民也总在这些开发中“被动地配合”，无论是旅游经营者还是村民，都在这样的大潮中逐渐形成一种既定的思维——“保护与利用”就是利用文化遗产来创造经济利益。笔者拟探讨国际上对于“文化遗产的保育与发展”的概念与国内现行的“文物的保护与利用”概念的差异，及其引起的不同的社会后果，以及在乡村文化保育过程中，公共参与的重要性；同时以广东省开平市仓东村的保育与发展的实践为例，研究此种理念在中国实施的可行性。

关键词: 旅游开发, 保护与利用, 保育与发展, 公共参与